ओडिया कॅलेंडर (पंजी) २०२६-२०२७

The Odia Panji is a sidereal solar calendar with a lunisolar overlay for religious observance. The Odia year opens on Maha Bishuba Sankranti, also called Pana Sankranti or Mesha Sankranti — the day the Sun enters sidereal Mesha (Aries) at the spring equinox point. The term Bishuba / Vishuba derives from the Sanskrit root viṣu (“equally, balanced”) and in astronomical usage denotes the equinox. The festival falls on 13 or 14 April each year on the Gregorian calendar and marks the start of the solar month of Mesha.

The Odia calendar is a hybrid: the civic / month-counting frame is sidereal solar — months change at Sankranti, and the year length tracks the tropical-to-sidereal drift via the Lahiri ayanamsa convention. Religious observance uses Purnimanta lunar phasing — tithi-anchored festivals (Janmashtami, Ekadashis, Shivaratri) fall on dates computed against the full-moon-ending lunar month.

This is structurally different from Bengal, whose Panjika is primarily solar and uses Amanta lunar phasing where lunar overlay is needed; the same tithi can fall on slightly different observance days in the two systems even when the Sankranti anchor agrees.

The Odia calendar has been carried by an additional, regional Utkaliya era said to have begun in 592 CE on Bhadra Shukla Dvadashi — the day on which the legendary king Indradyumna is recorded as having installed the Neela Madhava (Jagannath) icon at Puri. The Utkaliya year appears in old Odia almanac headers alongside the Shaka and Vikram years.

The Madala Panji is a palm-leaf chronicle preserved at the Jagannath Temple, recording temple administration, royal lineages of Odisha, and major historical events from ancient epochs to the early nineteenth century. The chronicle was traditionally inscribed on Vijaya Dashami (the tenth day of Ashwin Shukla Paksha) every year by the Karanas — the temple’s official scribes.

Scholarly opinion on its origin is divided. Some dating attributes the tradition to King Anantavarman Chodaganga Dev (r. 1078–1150) of the Eastern Ganga dynasty, who is said to have created 24 families of Karanas to preserve temple records, of which five were entrusted with the Madala Panji itself. Other scholars date the manuscript’s earliest surviving compilations to the sixteenth century under Ramachandra Deva I of the Bhoi dynasty.

Pathani Samanta (1835–1904), also known as Samanta Chandra Sekhar, was a self-taught astronomer from the princely state of Khandapara, who refined planetary calculations and eclipse predictions using naked-eye observation and instruments built from bamboo and wood. His treatise Siddhanta Darpana, written on palm leaves and completed by 1869 (published 1899 with patronage from the kings of Athmallik and Mayurbhanj), runs to over 2,500 Sanskrit verses. He was awarded the title Mahamahopadhyay by the British government in 1893 for a successful eclipse prediction.

अम्ली संवत् (ओंकिआ या विलायती भी कहा जाता है) लगभग 592 ई. से गणना की जाती है। वर्तमान ओड़िआ वर्ष 1435 अम्ली (14 अप्रैल 2026 से 13 अप्रैल 2027) है।

ओड़िआ पंजी का इतिहास गंग राजवंश (11वीं-15वीं शताब्दी) से जुड़ा है, जिन्होंने पुरी के जगन्नाथ मन्दिर का निर्माण करवाया। आज भी जगन्नाथ मन्दिर के "पंजी पण्डित" प्रतिवर्ष सूर्य सिद्धान्त के अनुसार नई पंजी की गणना करते हैं।

ओड़िआ कैलेंडर ओडिशा के कृषि जीवन का अभिन्न अंग भी है। प्रत्येक संक्रान्ति कृषि कार्यों के लिए एक मील का पत्थर है।

ओड़िआ कैलेंडर भारत के उन अन्तिम प्रमुख कैलेंडरों में से एक है जो पूर्णतः खगोलीय आधार पर चलता है।